ꯊꯤꯌꯨ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ-ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ 3,891 ꯫ ꯍꯦꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯉꯥꯛꯄꯤ ꯫
332 ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ · ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ · ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯎ
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔꯗ ꯍ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯔꯤꯁꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯄꯥꯀꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯥꯟ, ꯕꯪꯒ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯗꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯕꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯍꯣꯜꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯉꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ 1955ꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤꯞ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯇꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ'ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯤꯖ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ "ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ'ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯤꯖ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯍꯣꯜꯗꯔ" ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯞꯗꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯦꯗꯃꯤꯅꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯔ-ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ 2ꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ 10ꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦꯗꯃꯤꯅꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯔ-ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ, 1963ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯦꯗꯃꯤꯅꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯔ-ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯈꯩꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯇꯔꯥꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯡ ꯭ ꯁ-ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ'ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯃꯦꯟ "ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ'ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯔ" ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯟꯇꯔ-ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯏꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯋꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯛꯃꯦꯟ (ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1979ꯗ'ꯋꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯛꯃꯦꯟ'ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ'ꯋꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯛꯃꯦꯟ'ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯅ ꯏꯪ 2011ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯃꯦꯟꯗꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ (ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯊꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1968ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯂꯦꯕꯔ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯞ 40ꯗ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯪ 1988ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯦꯕꯔ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯔꯤꯇꯔꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯃꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1952ꯗ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ, ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯟ ꯃꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯜꯠ, ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯜꯁꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ 18ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ-ꯃꯤꯅꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ-ꯃꯤꯅꯩ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ-ꯃꯤꯅꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ-ꯃꯤꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯔꯅꯣꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯅꯤꯝꯍꯥꯟꯁꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯦꯡ ꯭ ꯒꯂꯣꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯜꯊ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯣ-ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯁ (ꯅꯤꯝꯍꯥꯟꯁ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯥꯙꯥꯔ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯖꯟꯁꯤꯞ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯗꯣꯃꯤꯁꯥꯏꯜꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯕꯨ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯥꯙꯥꯔ) ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕ, ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯦꯡꯕꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯖ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯅꯥꯏꯜ ꯖꯁꯇꯤꯁ (ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯆꯤꯜꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯟ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2000 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯁꯥꯔ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯗꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯅꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯤ ꯫
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