ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯅ ꯏꯪ 2011ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯃꯦꯟꯗꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ (ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯊꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1968ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯂꯥꯟ ꯍꯧꯗꯕ, ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛ-ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯦ: ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ (ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯁꯨ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯦ
- ꯐꯣꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ'ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ'ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯏꯪ 1968ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 2ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
- ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯅ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯅꯣꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 4 ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
- ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ'ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯅꯛꯅꯕ "ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 139ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
- ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 139ꯗ'ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯁꯣꯜꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1944 "ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ'ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1944" ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ'ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯁ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1947 "ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ'ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯁ ꯃꯦꯅꯖꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1999" ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯞꯗꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇꯁꯨ
- ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯫
- ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯟꯗꯝꯅ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯫
- ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ: ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯔꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ-ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ; ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫
ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ-ꯕꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯣꯛ ꯁꯚꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯁꯚꯥ)
ꯕꯤꯜ/ꯂꯣ · ꯔꯤꯐꯔ. XXXV · 18 ꯑꯣꯒꯁ ꯭ ꯠ 2011
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ-ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫