ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯥꯎꯁꯇ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ 657
ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ 20
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯨꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯅꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 12 ꯑꯦ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯇꯤꯆꯔ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1993ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯨꯜꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕ, ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯦꯡꯕꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯖ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯅꯥꯏꯜ ꯖꯁꯇꯤꯁ (ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯆꯤꯜꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯟ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2000ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯅ ꯏꯪ 2011ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯃꯦꯟꯗꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ (ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ (ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1968ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯡ ꯭ ꯁ-ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ'ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯃꯦꯟ "ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ'ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯔ" ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯟꯇꯔ-ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯏꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯋꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯛꯃꯦꯟ (ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1979ꯗ'ꯋꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯛꯃꯦꯟ'ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯒꯕꯔ ꯭ ꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯈꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯖꯋꯥꯍꯔꯂꯥꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯄꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯠ-ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯖꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ, ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯆꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2008ꯗ ꯁꯤꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯉꯝꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯃꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1952ꯗ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ, ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯂꯦꯕꯔ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯞ 40ꯗ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯦꯕꯔ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯇꯔꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯦꯞꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯏꯪ 1988ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯥꯙꯥꯔ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯖꯟꯁꯤꯞ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯗꯣꯃꯤꯁꯥꯏꯜꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯕꯨ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯅꯣꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯥꯙꯥꯔ) ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯅ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯗ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯐꯝ ꯄꯥꯏꯕ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ, 1972 ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯠ, 1972ꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯑꯦ
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 20 ꯑꯦ ꯍꯥꯞꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ, ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1950ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ, ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯁꯚꯥ 2010ꯗ ꯁꯣꯋꯥ-ꯔꯤꯒꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1970ꯗ ꯑꯌꯨꯔꯕꯦꯗ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛꯀ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯣꯋꯥ-ꯔꯤꯒꯄꯥꯕꯨ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯅꯥꯂꯟꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯏꯪ 2007ꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯍꯥꯔ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ
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ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯍꯤꯖꯥꯀꯤꯡ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯍꯤꯖꯥꯀꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯍꯤꯖꯦꯛꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1982ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯦꯛꯀꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯃꯃꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯉꯥꯛꯁꯦꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯉꯥꯛ-ꯁꯦꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯣꯛꯈꯠꯄꯗ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ-ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
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ꯕꯤꯜꯅ'ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁ "ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯝꯍꯜꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯟ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯗ (ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1992ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯟ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯅꯥꯗꯨꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯠ 78 ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯅꯤ, 26 ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇꯣꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯈꯟꯒꯅꯤ
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ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯅ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯦꯕꯔ ꯕꯤꯜ 2010ꯅ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯅ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯊꯤꯡꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯪ 1951ꯒꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯅ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯦꯕꯔ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯇꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ, ꯑꯔꯨꯕ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ,...
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ꯂꯦꯒꯜ ꯃꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯃꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯋꯦꯠꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯁꯤ./ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯡꯒ ꯭ ꯂꯣ-ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯭ ꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟꯗ...
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ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯤꯔꯕꯨ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ مینꯗꯦꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯆꯍꯤ 6ꯗꯒꯤ 14 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ (ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯤꯔ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ) ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ...
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ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯤ ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯖ ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯏ, ꯏꯪ 1977ꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯦꯁꯀꯣꯅ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ, ꯉꯥꯛꯁꯦꯟꯅꯕ, ꯉꯥꯛꯁꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯟ-ꯂꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯖ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯅ ꯂꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯣꯏꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯚꯦꯟꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯠ-ꯔꯤꯝꯕꯔꯁꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯉꯥꯛꯁꯦꯟꯒꯅꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1968ꯗ ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯅ ꯂꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯁꯤ./ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇꯤ. ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ 50,000 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯆꯍꯤ 3ꯒꯤ ꯖꯦꯜ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯐꯦꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯏ ꯫
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ꯁꯥꯎꯊ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯗꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ
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