ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯥꯎꯁꯇ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ 657
ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ 17
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯏꯪ 2020ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯆ 25ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯜꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯟꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯂꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯆ 25 ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯜꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯏꯟꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯜꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟꯕꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯕꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯒꯕꯔꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ بلꯅ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯗ 30 ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯗ 30 ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ, 1952ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯦꯄꯤꯗꯦꯃꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯅ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ-ꯃꯤꯅꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦꯄꯤꯗꯦꯃꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1897ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯅꯥ-ꯂꯥꯏꯆꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ-ꯃꯤꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯍ ꯭ ꯌꯣꯌꯣꯄꯦꯊꯤ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯏꯪ 2020ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯣꯃꯤꯑꯣꯄꯦꯊꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯄꯦꯁꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯁꯇꯤꯁꯥꯏꯗꯁ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯄꯨ ꯊꯥ ꯇꯔꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯍꯟꯒꯅꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯤꯜꯍꯥꯠ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ, ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯄ, ꯌꯣꯟꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯂꯥꯏ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯁꯦꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯍꯣꯃꯤꯑꯣꯄꯦꯊꯤꯕꯨ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯣꯃꯤꯑꯣꯄꯦꯊꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ,...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ'ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ "ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯥꯌꯨꯔꯕꯦꯗ, ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯅꯤ, ꯁꯤꯙ, ꯁꯣꯋꯥ-ꯔꯤꯒꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯥꯌꯨꯔꯕꯦꯗ, ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯅꯤ, ꯁꯤꯙ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯀꯔꯅꯥꯇꯀꯥꯅ ꯀꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗ ꯄꯔꯤꯕꯥꯔꯥ, ꯇꯥꯂꯥꯋꯥꯔꯥꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ (ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ, 1950ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯀꯔꯅꯥꯇꯀꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯔꯤꯕꯥꯔꯥ, ꯇꯥꯂꯥꯋꯥꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ (ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ, 1950ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯃꯔꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2014ꯗ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯃꯔꯤ (ꯃꯙ ꯭ ꯌ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯗꯦꯁ, ꯑꯁꯥꯝ, ꯍꯔꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯄꯥꯀꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯥꯟꯅ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯤꯔ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯤꯠ 24 ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯤꯔꯕꯨ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ: ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯤꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯗꯥꯈ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯏꯟꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯔꯤꯖ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯁꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 330ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯟꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯡꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯞꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯗ, 2016ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯏꯟꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯖ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 330ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅ ꯇꯧꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ-ꯃꯤꯅꯩꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯛꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯐꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯆꯤꯜꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯟ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯝ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯐꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2012 ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ,...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ, ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ, ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯤ ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ (ꯑꯦ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ.) ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯕꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯀꯟꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1996 ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯀꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯖꯦꯟꯖꯔ ꯂꯥꯈ 3.5ꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡ इकꯅꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2008ꯗ ꯑꯦꯔꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯖꯔꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯃꯥꯇꯣꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯟꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯟꯗ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏ, ꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯃꯥꯇꯣꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1952ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯑꯏꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁꯃꯤꯔꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯟ-ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯗꯦꯟꯠ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯥꯏ.) ꯅ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯂꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 30ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯀꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ (ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯭ ꯁ) ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ (ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯦꯟꯗꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ) ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯔꯨꯅꯥꯆꯜ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯗꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ 15ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯔꯨꯅꯥꯆꯜ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯗꯦꯁꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯦꯗꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ (ꯁꯦꯗꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯭ ꯁ) ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ, 1950ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯀꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯅꯣꯃꯁ ꯗꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛꯠ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯁꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯗꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯗ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ 41 ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯁꯝ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ 41 ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ (ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯭ ꯁ) ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ, 1950 ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯂꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯌꯔꯄꯔꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯅꯕ ꯏꯪ 1999ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁꯇ ꯂꯩꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ करपꯁꯟ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 11 ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯔꯚꯦꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯖꯥ-ꯊꯨꯝꯖꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ करपꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1988ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ'ꯑꯅꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ "ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯅꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯅꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯭ ꯁ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟꯗ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯅꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯐꯤꯠ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯂꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯇꯤ ꯆꯌꯣꯜ 26 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯐꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1961ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯗꯨꯅ..............
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯅꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯁꯦꯟꯕ, ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯟꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯅꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ 14ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯊꯤꯡꯉꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯤꯜꯗ ꯂꯦꯕꯔ (ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯍꯤꯕꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1986ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ (14ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ) ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯗ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯔꯥꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯄꯇꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯔꯥꯖꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯀꯜꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯚꯤꯖꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯤꯍꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯁꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯔꯥꯖꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯑꯦꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯀꯜꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯥꯖꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯀꯜꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ...
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ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯍꯤꯖꯥꯀꯤꯡ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯕ ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯪ 1970ꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯒ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ 2010ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐ ꯭ ꯠ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫