ꯊꯤꯌꯨ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ-ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ 3,891 ꯫ ꯍꯦꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯉꯥꯛꯄꯤ ꯫
332 ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ · ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ · ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯎ
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯄꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ 1898ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯄꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯄꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯠ, 1898ꯕꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯔ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜꯅ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯒꯅꯤ, ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯐꯣꯡꯕ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ (ꯄꯥꯎ-ꯆꯦ, ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯖꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡ,ꯆꯤꯡꯕ)ꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯏꯪ 1879ꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯒꯜ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁꯟꯔꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯇꯣꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1961ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ'ꯇꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ'(ꯐꯤ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ سزا ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯃꯥꯇꯣꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦ. 7 +, ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦ. 13 +, ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦ. 16 + ꯆꯍꯤ-ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯆꯍꯤ-ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ (ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦ. 7 +, ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦ. 13 +, ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦ. 16 +) ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯃꯥꯇꯣꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1952ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯀꯣꯝ ꯕꯤꯜ 2023 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯀꯃ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄ, ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕꯀꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇ ꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀꯁꯇꯝ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇꯤ. ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯅꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ 70ꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯒꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2017 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦꯄꯦꯂꯦꯠ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯅꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯅꯦꯜ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ 2026 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯈꯤ, ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯂꯣꯁ (ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯕꯤꯖꯟꯁ) ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2011ꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯝꯕꯔ 31,2023ꯗꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯝꯕꯔ 31,2026 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯦꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 2> ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ 1,29, <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯀꯔꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯗꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯟꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯀꯟꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯟꯗꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ꯂꯥꯈ 1.18 ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯪ 2021ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯆ 31ꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯖꯣꯂꯤꯗꯦꯗ ꯐꯟꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯆꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤ: ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯕꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯒꯕꯔꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1963ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁꯃꯤꯔ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁꯃꯤꯔ ꯔꯤꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2019 ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯥꯌ ꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ'ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯭ ꯗ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯝ "ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ'ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯔꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ" ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯄꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯐꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
'ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯤꯛ ꯁꯨꯔꯛꯁꯥ (ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ) ꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥ, 2023 "ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯕ ꯕꯤꯜ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯖꯣꯔ, 1973ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ, ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯖꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌ ꯁꯛꯁ ꯭ ꯌ (ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ) ꯕꯤꯜ 2023ꯅ ꯏꯃꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯕ'ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ "ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯃꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯁꯝꯃꯛꯀꯥ ꯁꯔꯛꯀꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ 3G ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯦꯂꯪꯒꯥꯅꯥ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯗ ꯁꯝꯃꯛꯀꯥ ꯁꯔꯛꯀꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2009 ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
THE CONSTITUTION (ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH AMENDMENT) BILL, 2023
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯃꯅꯤ ꯒꯦꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ, ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯔꯁ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯒꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯒꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2017ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇꯤ. ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜꯅ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯭ ꯡꯗ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯃꯅꯤ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯭ ꯒ, ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯔꯁ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯒꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2017ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯏꯪ 2023ꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ 121ꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯔꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯄꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌ ꯁꯪꯍꯤꯇꯥ, 2023 ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫