ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯥꯎꯁꯇ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ 657
ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ 13
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯃꯅꯤ ꯒꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯂꯤ, ꯏ-ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯃꯅꯤ ꯒꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯒꯦꯝꯡ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ (ꯏ-ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯒꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯇ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟꯁꯨꯕ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ, ꯙꯥꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜꯁ (ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1957ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯃꯤꯁꯟꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ 1908ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯏ
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯗꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄ, ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟꯁꯨꯕ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ, ꯙꯥꯃ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜꯁ (ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1957ꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯖ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯋꯥꯔꯜꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2022ꯗ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯋꯔꯜꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯗꯀ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯀꯣꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁ ꯒꯕꯔꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯅꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯁꯥꯟꯅ-ꯈꯣꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯏꯊꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯒꯕꯔꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅ-ꯈꯣꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯒꯅꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯏꯟꯀꯝ-ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯕꯤꯜ 2025ꯅ ꯑꯒꯅꯤꯄꯊ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯗꯣꯅꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ ꯫
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ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯟꯗꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯃꯔꯆꯦꯟꯠ ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯐꯦꯌꯔꯔ ꯭ ꯁ ꯋꯥꯏꯜꯐꯦꯌꯔ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯐꯦꯌꯔꯔ ꯭ ꯁ ꯋꯦꯜꯐꯦꯌꯔ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯒꯣꯋꯥ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ 2026ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯁ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯗꯤꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯤꯈꯜ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯟꯗ ꯒꯣꯋꯥ ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯋꯥꯛꯐ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯋꯥꯛꯐꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯗ ꯕꯤꯗꯥꯁꯤꯡ, یتیمꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ, ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯅꯦꯜꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯋꯛꯐ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1995 ꯑꯁꯤ'ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯋꯛꯐ ꯃꯦꯅꯖꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ, ꯑꯦꯝꯄꯥꯋꯔꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ, ꯑꯦꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯗꯦꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ "ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯀꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ ꯀꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯊꯤꯡꯂꯤ
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯈꯣꯡꯕꯥꯜꯗ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯗ ꯊꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯈꯣꯡꯕꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯗꯤ...
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ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯟ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁ ꯏꯟ ꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯏꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯏꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ) ꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
2024ꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ 112ꯅ 1925ꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯒꯣ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯒꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯁ ꯕꯥꯏ ꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1925ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ, ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯛꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯏꯃꯤꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯄꯥꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯂꯧꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯦꯜꯗꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯚꯦꯜ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁ ꯕꯤꯜ 2025ꯅ ꯒꯕꯔꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯖ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1944 ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯂꯦꯗꯤꯡ ꯕꯤꯜ, 2025ꯅ 1856ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯕꯤꯜꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯂꯦꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1856 ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯏꯟꯀꯝ-ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯕꯤꯜ 2025ꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇꯣꯔꯦꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯟꯀꯝ-ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯏꯟꯀꯝ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯝꯒꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯐꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗꯤ ꯄꯤꯄꯜ (ꯂꯣꯛ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯂꯣꯛ ꯁꯚꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ 82 ꯑꯦ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗꯤ ꯄꯤꯄꯜ (ꯂꯣꯛ ꯁꯚꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
<ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 2> ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯕ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ 87, <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯀꯔꯣꯔ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯗꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯟꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯁꯇꯔ ꯃꯦꯅꯖꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ "ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯁꯇꯔ ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡ" ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯁꯇꯔ ꯃꯦꯅꯖꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2005ꯗ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ, ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
1905ꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯔꯦꯜꯋꯦ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯔꯦꯜꯋꯦꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯔꯦꯜꯋꯦ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯄꯨ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯤ ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕ ꯔꯦꯜꯋꯦ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1989ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯣꯏꯂꯔꯁ ꯕꯤꯜ 2024ꯅ'ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ "ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯈꯥꯏꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯖ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯝ-ꯕꯣꯏꯂꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯕꯣꯏꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ, ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯀꯣꯏꯂꯥ, ꯂꯤꯒꯅꯥꯏꯠ, ꯍꯤꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯊꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯭ ꯁ (ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯚꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟꯠ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1948ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯤꯡ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯦ, ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯧꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯕꯦꯡ ꯭ ꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯧꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯕꯤꯗꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯅꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ, ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯞꯗꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌ ꯕꯌꯨꯌꯟ ꯕꯤꯙ ꯭ ꯌꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ 1934ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐꯠ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯪ 1934ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ, ꯁꯦꯟꯅ-ꯁꯦꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ, ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕ, ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ, ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ, ꯄꯣꯠ ꯌꯣꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ, ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛ-ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯤꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯃꯨꯁꯜꯃꯥꯟ ꯋꯥꯛꯐ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1923 ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ, ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ
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