ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ

ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯕꯨ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯋꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯦ: ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯂꯤꯁꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯇꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯁꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯤꯜꯛ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯔꯣꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯆꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯌꯔ ꯏꯟꯗꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡ, ꯒꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ) ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫

ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯦ

• ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯦꯛꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ 10 ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯒꯅꯤ ꯫
• ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1934 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗ'ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤꯖ "ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ'ꯑꯣꯐꯦꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯁ" ꯍꯥꯞꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦ-ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ केळ्वꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ पाउखुम ꯄꯤꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕꯗ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯄꯦꯅꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
• ꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯀꯣꯁꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1940 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯐꯝ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯕ ꯐꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯤ ꯫
• ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯜꯛ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1948 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯇꯧꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯋꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯇꯧꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ 25,000ꯗꯒꯤ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀꯩꯁꯨꯝꯁꯪꯗ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯑꯖꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯗꯤꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯄꯦꯜꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
• ꯔꯣꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1950 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ'ꯐꯥꯏꯟ "ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ'ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ" ꯍꯥꯞꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
• ꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1953 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕꯤꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯦꯅꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
• ꯀꯣꯌꯔ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1953ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 20 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 21 ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ ꯫
• ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯃ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1957ꯗ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ 7 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯔꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ'ꯑꯦꯗꯃꯤꯅꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯔ'ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ'ꯗꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛꯠ ꯖꯖ'ꯍꯥꯞꯄꯤꯕ, ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯤꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯗꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯤꯜꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
• ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯍꯛꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯡꯁ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯖ ꯑꯃ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
• ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯤ ꯫

ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇꯁꯨ

• ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ'ꯗꯤꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜꯥꯏꯖ'ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯦꯅꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ'ꯑꯖꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯗꯤꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ "ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ'ꯑꯦꯄꯦꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ" ꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
• ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯃ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯨꯛ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ ꯫
• ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯃ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯇ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯖꯣꯔ, 1973ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯤꯛ ꯁꯨꯔꯛꯁꯥ ꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥ, 2023ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫