ꯊꯤꯌꯨ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ-ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ 3,891 ꯫ ꯍꯦꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯉꯥꯛꯄꯤ ꯫
332 ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ · ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ · ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯎ
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯏꯪ 2023ꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ 122ꯅ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯌꯦꯜ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯖꯔꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯋꯜꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯤꯌꯛ ꯁꯨꯔꯛꯁꯥ ꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥ, 2023 ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯛꯁ ꯭ ꯌ ꯕꯤꯜ 2023ꯅ ꯑꯔꯕꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯃꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯅꯨꯁꯥꯟꯙꯟ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟꯅ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯀꯅꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯅꯨꯁꯟꯗꯟ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ, ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯚꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯁꯤꯞꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯝꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯂꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦ, ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯩ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯝꯋꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯁꯦꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯁꯦꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ...
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯐꯥꯔꯃꯥꯁꯤ (ꯑꯦꯃꯦꯟꯗꯃꯦꯟꯠ) ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯖꯦ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯀꯦ. ꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯔꯃꯥꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯤꯔ ꯐꯥꯔꯃꯥꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2011ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯤꯀ ꯭ ꯔाइब ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯐꯥꯔꯃꯥꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1948 ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯐꯥꯔꯃꯥꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1948ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯖꯤ. ꯅ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯂꯦꯐꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯠ ꯒꯕꯔꯅꯔ (ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯖꯤ.) ꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯀꯟꯈꯠꯅꯕ ꯒꯕꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1991ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠꯇ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 80 ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯦꯅꯖꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2017ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ, ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏꯕꯨ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯦꯅꯖꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯣꯐꯁꯣꯔ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 11 ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯏꯪ 1956ꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯏꯪ 2013ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯣꯐꯁꯣꯔ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ (ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2002ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ'ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ "ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯕꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁꯃꯤꯔ ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯠ 114ꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁꯃꯤꯔ ꯔꯤꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2019ꯗ ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 107ꯗꯒꯤ 114ꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ'ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ "ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤ, ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯂꯥꯏꯗ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜꯁ (ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1957ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ 7ꯁꯨꯕ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯂꯤꯁꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ'ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ "ꯑꯃ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯥꯜꯃꯤꯀꯤꯕꯨ ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁꯃꯤꯔ ꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯠꯇ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ (ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁꯃꯤꯔ) ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ, 1956ꯗ'ꯕꯥꯜꯃꯤꯀꯤ "ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯤꯔ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ'ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ'ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ'ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ...
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯤꯔ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2004ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ,'ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯐꯪꯗꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ)'ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ'ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ'ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁꯃꯤꯔ ꯁꯦꯗꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯗ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ (ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁꯃꯤꯔ) ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ, 1989ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯕꯔꯊ-ꯗꯤꯊ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯕꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ, ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯅꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯕꯔꯊ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯗꯦꯊ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1969ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯕꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯏ, ꯄꯥꯔꯠ-ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔ 24 ꯁꯦꯝꯏ
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯕ ꯗꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯦꯜ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯅꯔ ꯭ ꯁ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟꯔ, ꯃꯤꯗ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯏꯐꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯌꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯗ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯏꯐꯔꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥꯛ-ꯁꯦꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯗ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯏꯐꯔꯤ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯁꯠꯇꯤꯁꯒꯔꯅ ꯃꯍ ꯭ ꯔꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥ, ꯃꯦꯍꯔ, ꯃꯦꯍꯔꯥꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜꯗ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯠꯇꯤꯁꯒꯔ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ (ꯁꯦꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯀꯁ ꯭ ꯠ) ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ, 1950ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯀꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯋꯥꯀꯜꯆꯔ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯣꯞꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯋꯥꯀꯜꯆꯔ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2005ꯗ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯋꯥꯀꯜꯆꯔ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯣꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠ (ꯀꯟꯖꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟ) ꯑꯦꯃꯦꯟꯗꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯕꯤꯜ 2023ꯗ ꯏꯪ 1996ꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠ (ꯀꯟꯖꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟ) ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1980ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ...
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯂꯣꯛ ꯁꯚꯥꯅ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ₹ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 2>, ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 148 ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯟꯁोलिꯗꯦꯗ ꯐꯟꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫