ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ (ꯑꯦꯃꯟꯗꯃꯦꯟꯠ) ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯝꯇꯥꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ, ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯀꯣꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯕ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯣꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1957ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯦ: ꯑꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯃꯔꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯣꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯟ-ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯠ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯀꯝ-ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯁꯟꯁ ꯋꯤꯊ ꯗꯤꯖꯦꯕꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯦ
- ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯃꯥꯇꯣꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯑꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯄꯥꯏꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ ꯫
- 'ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕꯒꯤ "ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯭ ꯔ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯅ, ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
- ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯊꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕꯗ'ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯌꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗꯤꯡ "ꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
- ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯏꯁꯩ-ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯀꯣꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ, ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯔꯣꯌꯦꯜꯇꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯫
- ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯀꯣꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯥꯞꯄꯤꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯄꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ ꯫
- ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯐꯪꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯣꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
- ꯁꯤꯅꯦꯃꯥꯇꯣꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐ ꯐꯤꯜ ꯭ ꯃ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯀꯦꯂꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ 70 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯫
- ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 25 ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇꯁꯨ
- ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1911ꯗꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2000ꯗ ꯔꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯞꯗꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯚꯔ ꯚꯔꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯏ ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯏꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯜꯍꯧꯕ ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯔꯣꯏ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ: ꯑꯥꯏꯟ (ꯑꯦꯛꯠ) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯔꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ-ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ; ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫
ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ-ꯕꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯣꯛ ꯁꯚꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯁꯚꯥ)
ꯕꯤꯜ/ꯂꯣ · ꯔꯤꯐꯔ. XXIV · 17 ꯃꯦ 2012
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ-ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫