ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯤ-ꯐꯧꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯖꯍꯥꯖ ꯃꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ 5ꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯟ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯆꯦꯟꯠ ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1958ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤ ꯀꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯥꯔꯝꯐꯨꯜ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯐꯧꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝꯁ ꯑꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯞꯁ, 2001 ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯁꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯤ-ꯐꯧꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯦ: ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡ, ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯪꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯤꯞꯌꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯃꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯂꯝꯈꯩꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯪꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯖꯍꯥꯖ, ꯅꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯕ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯦ
- 'ꯀꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯥꯔꯝꯐꯨꯜ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯐꯧꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝꯁ ꯑꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯞꯁ "ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯄꯥꯔꯠ XIB ꯑꯃ ꯃꯔꯆꯦꯟꯠ ꯁꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1958ꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ ꯫
- ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ-ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯐꯧꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯅꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯇꯣꯟ 400 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯫
- ꯃꯤꯇꯔ 24 ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯇꯣꯟ 400ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯕ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯤ-ꯐꯧꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯐꯧꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯛꯄ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫
- ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯤꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯤ-ꯐꯧꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯫
- ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ, ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ/ꯗꯤꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯤ-ꯐꯧꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ-ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜꯅ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯕ ꯁꯔꯚꯦꯑꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯤ ꯫
- ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ-ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜꯕꯨ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯇꯣꯔꯕꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 436ꯗ ꯄꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ ꯂꯧꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫
- ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ, ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯐꯣꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇꯁꯨ
- ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯗꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯄꯦꯅꯥꯟꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯤ-ꯐꯧꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯒꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯅ ꯃꯥꯁꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ-ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯖꯍꯥꯖ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯗ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯅꯦꯚꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯀꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯒꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯇ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
- ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯏꯪ 1969ꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯟ ꯇꯣꯟꯖ ꯃꯦꯖꯔꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯤꯞꯁꯇ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ निकर ꯇꯣꯟꯖ ꯂꯦꯞꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ: ꯑꯥꯏꯟ (ꯑꯦꯛꯠ) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯔꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ-ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ; ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫
ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ-ꯕꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯣꯛ ꯁꯚꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯁꯚꯥ)
ꯕꯤꯜ/ꯂꯣ · ꯔꯤꯐꯔ. XXI · 18 ꯃꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯆ 2013
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ-ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫