ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 28 ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯣꯃꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯣꯃꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1908ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯦ: ꯃꯐꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ, ꯂꯤꯖꯗ ꯄꯤꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ; ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ); ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔ (ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ) ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯦ
- ꯗꯦꯕꯦꯂꯄꯔꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯅꯆꯦꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯇꯔꯅꯤ, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
- ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ 18 ꯑꯦꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯗꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯫
- ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 32 ꯑꯦꯗ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯒꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯋꯔꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯇꯔꯅꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯥꯁꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ-ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯁꯤꯡ, ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯝ ꯭ ꯕ ꯏꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯦꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯕꯣꯌꯣꯃꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛ) ꯍꯥꯞꯄꯤꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯫
- ꯏꯟꯐꯣꯔमेꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ 2000ꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ'ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯁ "ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ'ꯂꯤꯖ" ꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯞꯗꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
- ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯏꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦꯛꯇꯔ-ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯥꯞꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯣꯏ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯤꯖ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯤ ꯫
- ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯆꯦ-ꯆꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯕꯤꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇꯁꯨ
- ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 28 ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
- ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ'ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯁꯤꯡ "ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2000ꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯇꯔꯅꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯏ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ: ꯍꯧꯒꯠꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯔꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ-ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ; ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫
ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ-ꯕꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯣꯛ ꯁꯚꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯁꯚꯥ)
ꯕꯤꯜ/ꯂꯣ · ꯔꯤꯐꯔ. XLVII · 8 ꯑꯣꯒꯁꯠ 2013
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ-ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫