Sunday, 8 November 2026 कौन ज़िम्मेदार?
कौन ज़िम्मेदार?KaunZimmedar

ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯦ ꯃꯂꯇꯂꯣꯟ (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ) ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ (ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁ2, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗ) ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ-ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫

ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨ & ꯑꯦ

ꯕꯥꯔꯥꯅꯥꯁꯤ ꯍꯕ-ꯑꯦꯟ-ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ 25.06.2026 ꯍꯧꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ

سوال ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯤꯚꯤꯜ ꯑꯦꯚꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯂꯌꯗ ꯍꯕ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯎꯗꯥꯟ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯇꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯣ. ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯊ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯂꯤꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯏꯟꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯫

سوال ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯤꯚꯤꯜ ꯑꯦꯚꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯂꯌꯗ ꯍꯕ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯎꯗꯥꯟ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯇꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯣ. ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯊ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ہماچل ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯗꯦꯁꯇ ꯍꯦꯂꯤꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯏꯟफ्रास्ट्रꯛꯆꯔ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯔꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ पाउखुम ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ: ꯀꯡꯅꯥ ꯔꯅꯥꯎꯠꯅ ꯍꯪꯈꯤꯕ; ꯁꯤꯚꯤꯜ ꯑꯦꯚꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯂꯌꯅ (ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯀꯤꯟꯖꯔꯥꯄꯨ ꯔꯥꯝꯃꯣꯍꯥꯟ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯨ) ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ पाउखुम ꯫

ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ

  • ꯍꯕ & ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯥꯅꯥꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯨ ꯍꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯫
  • ꯅꯣꯏꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯚꯤ ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯆꯠꯊꯈꯤ ꯫
  • ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯍꯧꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯁꯦꯔꯕ ꯇꯧꯗꯕ/ꯁꯦꯕ ꯇꯧꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯄꯣꯔꯠ 95 (ꯍꯦꯂꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ 17 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯑꯦꯔꯣꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯝ 2 ꯌꯥꯎꯅ) ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯂꯝꯕꯤ 679 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ ꯫
  • ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯞꯂꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯄꯣꯔꯠ 11 ꯂꯤꯖ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ'ꯏꯟ-ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ "ꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯂꯧꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ ꯫
  • <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫
  • ꯀꯟꯅꯨꯔ, ꯗꯨꯔꯒꯥꯄꯨꯔ, ꯃꯣꯄꯥ, ꯅꯕꯤ ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ, ꯚꯣꯒꯄꯨꯔꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯏꯗꯥ (ꯖꯦꯋꯥꯔ) ꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ'ꯏꯟ-ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ "ꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
  • ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯣ. ꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯝꯇꯥꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ (2021) ꯅ ꯔꯣꯌꯦꯜꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ 15ꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯖ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
  • ꯏꯟꯄꯨꯠ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯠ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯣ. ꯒꯤ ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ 18ꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ 5ꯗ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
  • ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯕꯖꯦꯠ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯗ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯤꯜ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯀꯁꯇꯝꯁ ꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯤ (ꯕꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ.) ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
  • ꯁꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐ ꯭ ꯠ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯦꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ (ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦ. ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯥꯏ.) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 1,300 ꯊꯥꯗꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕꯥꯗꯇ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫
  • ꯎꯗꯥꯟ 5.1 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯍꯦꯂꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯆꯠꯊꯈꯤ: ꯆꯝꯄꯥꯋꯠ, ꯃꯨꯟꯁꯌꯥꯔꯤ, ꯕꯥꯒꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯋꯔ (ꯎꯠꯇꯔꯥꯈꯟꯗ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯡ ꯄꯤꯑꯣ, ꯁꯤꯝꯂꯥ (ہماچل ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯗꯦꯁ) ꯫

ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇꯁꯨ

  • ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ पाउखुम ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯪ 2030 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯒꯣ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯑꯞꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
  • ꯎꯗꯥꯟ 5.1 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ہماچل ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯗꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯡ ꯄꯤꯑꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯝꯂꯥ (ꯁꯟꯖꯣꯂꯤ) ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯤꯁꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ, ꯂꯥꯍꯧꯜ-ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯤꯇꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯀꯤꯟꯅꯥꯣꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯍꯦꯂꯤꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯄꯟꯗꯦ ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯔꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ-ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ; ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯦ · ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯔꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯂꯨ

ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ

ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ-ꯄ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯁ ꯭ ꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ansures (ꯂꯣꯛ ꯁꯚꯥ, ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯥꯔ)

ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯍꯪꯒꯗꯧꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ · ꯔꯤꯐꯔ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨ76 (ꯁꯦꯁꯟ 8) · 23 ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ 2026

ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨ & ꯑꯦ 23 ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ 2026 · 0.2 ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯕꯤ. ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯎ sansad.in ꯗ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ

ꯋꯥꯔꯤ-ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ

ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯂꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯄꯤꯔꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯣꯏ-ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ केळ्वꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫ ꯁꯤꯚꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯄꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

ꯄꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯒꯨꯒꯜꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯏꯟ ꯇꯧ

ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫