कौन ज़िम्मेदार? ꯀꯥꯎꯟ ꯖꯤꯝꯃꯦꯗꯔ
ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯦ ꯃꯂꯇꯂꯣꯟ (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ) ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁ2 (ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ., ꯁꯦꯜꯐ-ꯍꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯫ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯂꯦꯁꯟꯗ ꯑꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ-ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯄꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯎꯖ ꯇꯧQA Â ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯍꯪꯒꯗꯧꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ

ꯏ-ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ.

QA ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ 28.0
ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ-لینگ ꯭ ꯋꯦꯖ ꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯤꯔꯤ (ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ.-ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯅꯦꯇꯦꯗ) - ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯕ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯫ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ; ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫

ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ?

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ ꯆꯕꯕꯦꯋꯥꯜꯅ ꯍꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯝ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏ-ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯝꯋꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯛ, ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯣꯝ ꯑꯦꯐꯌꯔ ꯭ ꯁ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ पाउखुम ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯍꯪꯈꯤ/पाउखुम ꯄꯤꯈꯤ

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ ꯆꯕꯕꯦꯋꯥꯜ (ꯍꯪꯈꯤꯕ), ꯍꯣꯝ ꯑꯦꯐꯦꯌꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯅ (ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯕ)

ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ

  • ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯁ., 2023ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 173 (1) ꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯃ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯫
  • ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ/ꯌꯨ. ꯇꯤ.ꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯏ-ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯐ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯠꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
  • ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯄꯤ. ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯍꯦꯜꯞꯂꯥꯏꯟ 1930ꯗ ꯋꯥꯀꯠꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ/ꯌꯨ. ꯇꯤ. ꯏ-ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯝ ꯄꯨꯂꯤꯁ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯁꯟꯗ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯏ-ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
  • ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯀꯠꯂꯣꯏꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 3ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯄꯨꯂꯤꯁ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯁꯟꯗ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯫
  • ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ/ꯌꯨ. ꯇꯤ. 18ꯅ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯦ ꯫
  • ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤ: ꯏꯪ 2025ꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ 6,115 ꯏ-ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ.
  • ꯆꯟꯗꯤꯒꯔ: ꯅꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ 2025ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ 4,174 ꯏ-ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ.
  • ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ/ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 1ꯗꯒꯤ 552 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ ꯫
  • ꯄꯨꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ; ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ/ꯌꯨ. ꯇꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯋꯥꯀꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯒꯗꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ

  • جواب ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯗ ꯭ ꯁ ꯇꯧꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ (ꯗꯤ) ꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯔꯤꯀꯚꯔ ꯇꯧꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
  • جواب ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ 18/ꯌꯨ. ꯇꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ. ꯅ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ 18 ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫
  • ꯖꯋꯥꯕ (e) ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′
ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯕꯣꯗꯤꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ-ꯄ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯁ ꯭ ꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ansures (ꯂꯣꯛ ꯁꯚꯥ, ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯥꯔ)
ꯔꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨ. 135 (ꯁꯦꯁꯟ 8)
ꯐꯤꯕꯝꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ (ꯁꯔꯨꯛ: ꯄꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯋꯦꯁꯟ)
ꯆꯍꯤ28.0
ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯡ
ꯆꯦ-ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ1

ꯍꯥꯏꯂꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ & ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ

ꯑꯣꯇꯣ-ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯅꯦꯇꯦꯗ, ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯕꯖꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫ ꯀꯥꯎꯟ ꯖꯤꯝꯃꯦꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯠꯐꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯃ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯫

ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫

ꯆꯦ-ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ

ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯅꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯇꯦꯕ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯜ-ꯁ ꯭ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯎ ꯫

ꯁ ꯭ ꯋꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠ 28.07.2026 ls18s8-q135.pdf
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯄꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯎ ꯇꯞ ꯇꯧ ꯫

ꯋꯥꯔꯤ-ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ (0)

ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯦ-ꯆꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯟꯅꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯟꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃ-ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯫ ꯄꯥꯕꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯗꯕ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ; ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯅꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯏꯟ ꯇꯧ ꯫

ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕ ꯈꯟꯅ-नैनबा (0)