ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯠ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯦꯅꯔꯁꯤꯞꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ 25ꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯞ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2013ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ,'ꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯦꯅꯔꯁꯤꯞ "ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ'ꯗꯦꯕꯦꯟꯆꯔ" ꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯦꯅꯔꯁꯤꯞ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2008ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2013ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ,'ꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯠ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯦꯅꯔꯁꯤꯞ "ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ'ꯗꯦꯕꯦꯟꯆꯔ" ꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅ-ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯦꯅꯔꯁꯤꯞ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2008ꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯦ: ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯅꯇꯔꯁꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯄꯤ.), ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ, ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯦ
- ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯊꯨꯡꯅ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 1956ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2013ꯒ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯤ ꯫
- ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ (ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ 25 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯟꯑꯣꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ (ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ 40 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ) ꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ'ꯁ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯜ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯦꯅꯔꯁꯤꯞ "ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯫
- 'ꯗꯦꯕꯦꯟꯆꯔ "ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯃꯅ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯟ-ꯀꯟꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕꯜ ꯗꯦꯕꯦꯟꯆꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫
- ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯔꯤꯇꯔꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 7 ꯉꯥꯛꯄ, ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯀꯦꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
- ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯄꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯄꯤ., ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯠꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯝꯒ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯊꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏꯟꯁꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
- ꯑꯣꯃꯤꯠꯁꯅ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ 18 ꯫
- ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 30ꯗ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
- ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯆꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒ ꯈꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯄꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯤ ꯫
- ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯕ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯇꯧꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ तण्टऩै ꯄꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇꯁꯨ
- ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ (ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯔꯅꯁꯤꯞ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2008) ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯗꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ: ꯑꯥꯏꯟ (ꯑꯦꯛꯠ) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯔꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ-ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ; ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫
ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ-ꯕꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯣꯛ ꯁꯚꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯁꯚꯥ)
ꯕꯤꯜ/ꯂꯣ · ꯔꯤꯐꯔ. XXXI · 4 ꯑꯣꯒꯁ ꯭ ꯠ 2021
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ-ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫