ꯊꯤꯌꯨ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ-ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ 3,135 ꯫ ꯍꯦꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯉꯥꯛꯄꯤ ꯫
1323 "ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ" ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ہماچل ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯗꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯟꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯦ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ہماچل ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯗꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯟ ꯖꯤꯂꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯡꯒꯪ ꯍꯔꯤꯄꯨꯔꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯛꯁ/ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ (ꯏ. ꯁꯤ.) ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯫
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ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ
ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯖ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯀꯔꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯣꯛ ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯀꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯛꯁ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯖ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯔꯥꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ (ꯀꯩꯁꯨꯝꯁꯪꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ) ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯚꯤꯁꯥꯀꯄꯠꯅꯝꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯕꯦꯗ 681 ꯂꯩꯕ ꯍꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯥꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯒꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣ ꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯐꯦꯁ-1 ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯗ 681 ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯁꯨꯄꯔ-ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯌꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ...
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ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯨꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ
ꯁꯨꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ: ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯁꯗ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯁꯤꯗꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕꯤꯗꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ
ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯁꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯀꯔꯅꯥꯇꯀꯥꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯔꯕ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯔꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ ꯫
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯇꯦꯂꯪꯒꯥꯅꯥꯗ ꯕꯦꯗꯥꯟꯊꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ'ꯕꯦꯗꯥꯟꯊꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥ "ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ (ꯏ. ꯁꯤ.) ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯥ-ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯍꯤꯃꯥꯌꯠꯁꯥꯒꯔ ꯂꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ-ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯀꯦꯆꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯂꯤꯁꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦꯝ./ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ (ꯏ. ꯁꯤ.) ꯄꯤ ꯫
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ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ
ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯅꯂꯥꯏꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯔꯤꯇꯔꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ ꯑꯦꯅꯂꯥꯏꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯁ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯤꯠ ꯒꯨꯔꯨꯍ ꯁꯆꯗꯦꯋꯥꯕꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯐꯦꯛꯁ ꯭ ꯗ...
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯑꯁꯥꯝꯗ ꯄꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯐꯦꯁ-3 ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯥꯝꯔꯨꯞ ꯃꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯒꯤ ꯈꯥꯟꯄꯥꯔꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛ'ꯄꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯠ "ꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ (ꯐꯦꯁ-3) ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ (ꯏ. ꯁꯤ.) ꯄꯤ ꯫
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯇꯦꯂꯪꯒꯥꯅꯥꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 608ꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠꯅ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦꯝ/ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯅ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤ ꯫
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ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ
ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯖꯤꯜꯗ ꯊꯥꯎ, ꯃꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ, ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯇꯤ., ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯃꯥꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯂꯩ ꯫
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯪ 2013ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔꯗ ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯖꯤꯜ-ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯖꯣꯏꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯨꯛꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯤꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ...
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ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ
ꯁꯦꯕꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯊꯥꯈꯤ, ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ₹ 146.7 ꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯝ) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯗꯔꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯔꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠꯇ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ 10 ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯏ. ꯁꯤ. ꯅ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯅꯥꯊ ꯖꯤꯂꯥꯗ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯕꯦꯗ 430 ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯅꯤ ꯫
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
32, 617.5 ꯁ ꯭ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯔ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟ ꯕꯦꯜꯠꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯝꯔꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯅ ꯇꯦꯂꯪꯒꯥꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯒꯟꯗꯤꯄꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯕꯟꯗꯂꯥꯒꯨꯗꯥ ꯖꯥꯒꯤꯔ, ꯔꯡꯒꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤ ꯖꯤꯂꯥꯗ ꯃꯂꯦꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
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NCERT
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ. ꯅ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏ-ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯗꯦꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1>
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ. ꯅ ꯑꯟꯙ ꯭ ꯔ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯗꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯦꯜꯣꯔꯗ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯏ.) ꯑꯃ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ (ꯗꯤ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ.) ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯈꯨꯠꯌꯦꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯫
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯇꯦꯂꯪꯒꯥꯅꯥꯗ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ₹ 372.40 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦꯝ./ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ (ꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯕꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯃ) ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤ ꯫
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯏꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯁꯨꯄꯔ ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯌꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯀꯦꯌꯔ, ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯔꯤꯍꯦꯕꯂꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤ ꯫
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ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ
ꯃꯥꯙꯚ ꯀꯣꯄꯔꯅ ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇꯤ. ꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯙꯚ ꯀꯣꯄꯔ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯅ ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯄꯣꯠ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ...
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ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ
ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯀꯥꯟꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯐ ꯭ ꯂꯁ ꯗꯣꯔ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ 2026ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯒꯁ ꯭ ꯠ 17ꯗ ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗꯤ. ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯐꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ, ꯀꯥꯟꯄꯨꯔꯅ ꯀꯦ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨ., ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯀꯥꯟꯄꯨꯔꯗ ꯐ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯠ 8ꯗ ꯐ ꯭ ꯂꯁ ꯗꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯆꯦ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯫
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CBSE
ꯁꯤ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯆꯦꯟꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪꯅ ꯂꯤꯐ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ 32ꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ
ꯆꯦꯟꯅꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ (ꯁꯤ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ.) ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯅ...