NCERT
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ. ꯅ ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯎꯁꯀꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯖꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯗ ꯀꯧꯋꯤ
ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ.) ꯅ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯣꯕꯤन्दो ꯃꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯒ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯪꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯔꯤꯁꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯎꯁꯀꯤꯄꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ आउटꯁꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯤ ꯫
ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯕꯤꯗ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ: ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯚꯥꯏꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯔꯁꯤꯞ ꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯔꯅꯁꯤꯞ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯀꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ
- ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ: ꯖꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯝ. (ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯏ-ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯠꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯁ)
- ꯕꯤꯗ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝः ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ
- ꯀꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ: ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯦ
- ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗꯤ./ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ: ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯁꯇꯦꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯚꯦꯜ ꯭ ꯌꯨ: ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯔꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ-ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ; ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫
ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ
ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ.)
ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ · 26 ꯃꯦ 2025
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ꯋꯥꯔꯤ-ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫