ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ
ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯌꯣꯊꯤ ꯂꯦꯕ ꯭ ꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯦꯝꯁꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯄꯤ. ꯔꯥꯆꯃꯆꯟꯗꯔꯟ ꯐꯦꯃꯤꯂꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ I ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ IIꯅ ꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯣꯊꯤ ꯂꯦꯕ ꯭ ꯁ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯗ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯪ-ꯃꯅꯥꯎ ꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯦ: ꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯣꯊꯤ ꯂꯦꯕ ꯭ ꯁ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ (ꯇꯔꯀꯦꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤ), ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯄꯤ. ꯔꯥꯆꯃꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯟ ꯐꯦꯃꯤꯂꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ I, ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯄꯤ. ꯔꯥꯆꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯟ ꯐꯦꯃꯤꯂꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ II, ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯄꯤ. ꯔꯥꯆꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯟ, ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯖꯤ. ꯁꯥꯟꯊꯥꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯍ ꯭ ꯌꯥꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯫
ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ
- ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ 3ꯒꯤ ꯁꯕ-ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ (2) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯕꯤ (ꯁꯕꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁ) ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, 2011ꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ 4ꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯄꯥꯅꯕ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ 5ꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
- ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯣꯊꯤ ꯂꯦꯕ ꯭ ꯁ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯏꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ (<ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 2>, 881 ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ)% <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯑꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯌꯔꯔ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
- ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤꯐ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯄꯤꯔꯣꯏ ꯫
- ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯃꯦꯅꯖꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯕ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯑꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯪ-ꯃꯅꯥꯎ ꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇꯁꯨ
- ꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯣꯊꯤ ꯂꯦꯕ ꯭ ꯁ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯗ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯔ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯍꯣꯜꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ 62.89% ꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯦ ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯌꯔꯔ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ 2025ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯜ 25ꯗ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯗꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯠ 1882ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫
- ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯏꯪ 2025ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯜ 30ꯗ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯐꯔꯃ ꯇꯧꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫
ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ-ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯥꯏꯕꯇ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯟꯠ ꯄꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯎꯠꯈꯤꯗꯦ: ꯁꯝꯔꯤꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ; ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫
ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ
ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ (ꯁꯦꯕꯤ)-ꯏꯟꯐꯣꯔꯁꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ
ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ · ꯔꯤꯐꯔ. ꯗꯕꯂ ꯭ ꯌꯨ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ./ꯀꯦ. ꯁꯤ. ꯚꯤ./ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯗꯤ./<ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> · ꯏꯪ 2025ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ 16
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ-ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫