ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ
ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯇꯔꯨꯟ ꯁꯍꯅꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯕꯨ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1>% ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯕꯦꯅꯤ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯐꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ
ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯔꯨꯟ ꯁꯍꯅꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯇ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯕꯦꯅꯤ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯄꯨ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯄꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯣꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯐꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯦ: ꯇꯔꯨꯟ ꯁꯥꯍꯅꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ (ꯑꯦꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯟꯠ/ꯑꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯌꯔꯔ), ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯚꯦꯅꯤ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ (ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒꯦꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤ), ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ, ꯔꯇꯤ ꯁꯍꯅꯤ (ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔꯔ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯍꯅꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯔ ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯨꯞꯀꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯫
ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ
- ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯕꯤ (ꯁꯕꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯟꯇꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁ) ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, 2011ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯐꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯦꯞꯄ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
- ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ (<ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1>%) ꯔꯇꯤ ꯁꯋꯥꯅꯦꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯨꯟ ꯁꯋꯥꯅꯦ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁꯇ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
- ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ (ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ) ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫
- ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯇꯔꯨꯟ ꯁꯍꯅꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯅ ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯒꯤ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯄꯥꯏꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯖꯦꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯗ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯒꯅꯤ ꯫
- ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯦꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯗ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯔ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯍꯣꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 2>% ꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯍꯣꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1>% ꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯌꯔꯔ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯅ ꯁꯦꯕꯤ ꯃꯥꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯔ ꯁꯔꯀꯨꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯞꯇꯔ 8ꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡ-ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯣꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇꯁꯨ
- ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯍꯅꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯪ-ꯃꯅꯥꯎ ꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯂꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫
- ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯣꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯍꯤ 3 ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯍꯣꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
- ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒꯦꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯏꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯐꯔꯃ ꯇꯧꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯫
ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ-ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯥꯏꯕꯇ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯟꯠ ꯄꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯎꯠꯈꯤꯗꯦ: ꯁꯝꯔꯤꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ; ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫
ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ
ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ (ꯁꯦꯕꯤ)-ꯏꯟꯐꯣꯔꯁꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ
ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ · ꯔꯤꯐꯔ. ꯗꯕꯂ ꯭ ꯌꯨ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ./ꯀꯦ. ꯁꯤ. ꯚꯤ./ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯗꯤ./<ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> · 30 ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ 2025
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ-ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫