ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1>% ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ ꯃꯥꯏꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯇꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯁꯤꯐꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯔꯦꯞꯄ ꯄꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯇꯔꯨꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ ꯃꯥꯏꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯟ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1>% ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯦꯞꯄ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ ꯐꯤꯟꯀꯣꯔꯞ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯦꯜ.) ꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ ꯃꯥꯏꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯟ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ (ꯇꯔꯀꯦꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤ), ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ ꯐꯤꯟꯀꯣꯔꯞ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯦꯜ.), ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯁ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ, ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯁ ꯖꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯖ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ, ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯁ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ, ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯊꯤ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ, ꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯖ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ, ꯔꯦꯃꯤ ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯁ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠ, ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯁ ꯖꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯖ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ, ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯁ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ, ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯊꯤ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ, ꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯖ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ, ꯔꯦꯃꯤ ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯁ ꯫

• ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯕꯤ (ꯁꯕꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁ) ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, 2011ꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ 4 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 5ꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ 3ꯒꯤ ꯁꯕ-ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ (1) ꯗꯒꯤ استثꯅꯤ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ ꯐꯤꯟꯀꯣꯔꯞ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯅ ꯄꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯨꯊꯨꯠ ꯃꯥꯏꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯟ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯀꯤ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 2>, 744 ꯏꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ (<ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1>%) ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
• ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ: ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ, ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯤꯊꯣꯛꯏ; ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯗ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯤꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
• ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ 2025ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯇꯥꯡ 24ꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯠ 1882ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ, ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ, ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯅꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫

ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ