ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ
ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯔꯥꯖꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯎꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯥꯖꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ (ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯜ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯖꯦꯁ ꯃꯦꯍꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯎꯠꯄ, ꯄꯣꯠ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯗꯕꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯦ: ꯔꯥꯖꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯁ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ (ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯜ.), ꯔꯥꯖꯦꯁ ꯃꯦꯍꯥꯇꯥ
ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ
- ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯄꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯝꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯅꯣꯇꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯐꯦꯁꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫
- ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯥꯏꯠꯇ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯕꯁꯤꯗꯤꯑꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯞ-ꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯁꯕꯁꯤꯗꯤꯌꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯄꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
- ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯁꯇꯤꯡꯗ ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯔ. 7, <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯀꯔꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 2> ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯅ ꯁꯦꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯅ ꯑꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯚꯦꯕꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯈꯤ ꯫
- ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯐꯦꯁꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫
- ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯕꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ 1992ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 11 (1), 11 (4), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 11 ꯕꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇꯁꯨ
- ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ 2020ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯜ 1ꯗꯒꯤ 2024ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯆ 31 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯀꯣꯟꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
- ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ 2026ꯀꯤ ꯖꯨꯟ 3 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯠ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 3,210 ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯗ-ꯀꯦꯞ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
- ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥꯄꯨꯔ, ꯁ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯠꯖꯔꯂꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯗ, ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦ. ꯏ., ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦ. (ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤꯕ) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯕꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
- ꯕꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯣ. ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯦꯁ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯠꯅ ꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯈꯤ ꯫
- ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯁ ꯐꯦꯗꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯅ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯕꯁꯤꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯔꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯆꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯩ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ-ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ; ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫
ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ
ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ (ꯁꯦꯕꯤ)-ꯏꯟꯐꯣꯔꯁꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ
ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ · ꯔꯤꯐꯔ. ꯗꯕꯜꯌꯨ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ./ꯀꯦ. ꯚꯤ./ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ./ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ.-ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯁꯤ. <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1>-27·3 ꯖꯨꯟ 2026
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ-ꯋꯥꯇꯥꯏ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫