ꯍꯥꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦꯒꯤ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯞꯇꯣ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯇ ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯅ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ꯇꯦꯠꯆ ꯇꯧꯔꯦ

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯇꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯟꯐꯣꯔꯁꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ (ꯏ. ꯗꯤ.) ꯅ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯤꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯔꯁ ꯄꯥꯟ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯞꯇꯣ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤ (ꯍꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦ) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯗꯤ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯁ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯤꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯒꯤ एसेꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯔꯤꯇꯔꯟ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯦ: ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯔꯁ ꯄꯥꯟ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯞꯇꯣ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤ (ꯍꯥꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦ), ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯏꯃ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟ ꯕꯥꯁꯥ, ꯍꯤꯇꯦꯁ ꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ, ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯎꯁꯃꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯕꯥꯕꯨ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯃꯣꯙꯔꯟ), ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯈꯤꯕ ꯄꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯁꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯟꯐꯔꯁꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ (ꯏ. ꯗꯤ.), ꯆꯦꯟꯅꯥꯏ ꯖꯣꯟꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ-II ꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ

• ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯅ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯗ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯆꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯠ ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯅ ꯇꯃꯤꯜ ꯅꯥꯗꯨ, ꯍꯔꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗꯕ ꯭ ꯌꯨ. ꯀꯥꯔ ꯑꯃ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ/ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯌ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯌ ꯁꯟꯍꯤꯇꯥ, 2023, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯐꯣꯔमेꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ, 2000ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯆꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯕꯔ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯝ ꯄꯨꯂꯤꯁ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯁꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯃꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯍꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦꯅ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯥꯏꯠ'<ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> "ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ 1ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯇꯔꯟ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ, ꯁꯦꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯛꯖꯔꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯔꯤꯋꯥꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ ꯫
• ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯞꯇꯣ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯅꯕ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯁꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯈꯤ; ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯠꯐꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯛ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦ) ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯁꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯁꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ('ꯂꯤꯗꯔꯁ ") ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ; ꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯠꯐꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯨꯊꯠꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ/ꯑꯦꯁ ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯋꯥꯏ. ꯁꯔꯀꯜ, ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯞꯇꯣ ꯋꯥꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯥꯔꯛꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯊꯤꯕ, ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯚꯦꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟꯗ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ. <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯀꯔꯣꯔꯅꯤ ꯫
• ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯅ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯗ ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦ., 2002ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 19ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯏꯃ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟ ꯕꯥꯁꯥ, ꯍꯤꯇꯦꯁ ꯀꯨꯃꯥꯔ, ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯎꯁꯃꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯕꯥꯕꯨ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯃꯣꯙꯔꯟꯕꯨ ꯐꯥꯈꯤ; ꯃꯔꯤꯃꯛ ꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯀꯁꯇꯗꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫

ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇꯁꯨ

• ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯇꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯛ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯞꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯁꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯅꯕ ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯅꯤ ꯂꯟꯗꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ (ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦ.), 2002ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ ꯫