ꯆꯍꯤ 14 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯗꯦ. ꯑꯦ. ꯏ. ꯅ ꯂꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯀꯦ. ꯑꯦ. ꯖꯤ. ꯅ ꯈꯪꯂꯦ

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯪ 2024ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯆꯇ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ/ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯔꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯦ: ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯒꯕꯔ ꯭ ꯟꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ/ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯟرجی, ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦꯁ, ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯗ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯣꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯗ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ, ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ, ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠ ꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯋꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯟꯔꯖꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ)

ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ

• ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯟرجی (ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯏ.) ꯅ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯔꯦꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯝꯇꯥꯛꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ 14 ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯂꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯖ ꯔꯤꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯋꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯄꯤꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯏ. ꯅ ꯆꯍꯤ 71 ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯣꯃꯦꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯇꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤ ꯔꯤꯀꯕꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯇꯥꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ (ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯏ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ) ꯗ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯇꯤ. ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ, ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯇꯤ. ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯁꯋꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯀꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯁꯋꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯙꯥꯔ ꯀꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯞꯇꯣꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯫
• ꯇꯥꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯅ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯌꯣꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯄꯦꯃꯦꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯇꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯛꯁꯟ, ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯅꯖꯃꯦꯟꯠꯅ ꯆꯍꯤ 7 ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯏꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯣꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯤꯚꯦꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ ꯭ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 1.45 ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯗ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯃꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜꯁꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯏꯟफ्रास्ट्रꯛꯆꯔ ꯋꯥꯠꯄꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯦꯖꯔ ꯋꯦꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 1.52 (ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 1.008 ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ) ꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯣꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯅ हॊसदागि ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯎꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯂꯥꯈꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕ ꯄꯦꯃꯦꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ, ꯎꯃꯪ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯅ ꯐꯣꯇꯣ ꯒꯦꯜꯔꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯥꯕꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 1.99 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 1.86 ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯑꯦꯟرجی ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯅ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 5.07 ꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯖꯤ. ꯅ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯏ. ꯅ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯂꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯣꯃꯦꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯨꯜꯁ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯅ ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯇꯤ. ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯊꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠꯇꯁꯨ

• ꯏꯪ 2011ꯗ ꯀꯦꯕꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯔꯦꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯝꯇꯥꯛꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ 14 ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯏ. ꯅ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯦ. ꯑꯦ. ꯖꯤ. ꯅ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯏ. ꯅ ꯏꯪ 1954ꯗ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ 71 ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯣꯃꯦꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯦ. ꯑꯦ. ꯖꯤ. ꯅ ꯄꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯇꯥꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯅ ꯄꯥꯁꯋꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯙꯥꯔ ꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯞꯇꯣꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯝꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯦ. ꯑꯦ. ꯖꯤ. ꯅ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯀꯦ. ꯑꯦ. ꯖꯤ. ꯅ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯋꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯦꯟرجی ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 5.07 ꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫