ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯌꯨ. ꯇꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯗꯤ. 1,652ꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ 0.40 ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯍꯥꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ अर्बान ꯑꯦꯐꯦꯌꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯑꯇꯥꯜ ꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯔꯤꯖꯨꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯑꯔꯕꯟ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯌꯨ. ꯇꯤ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯌꯨ. ꯇꯤ. 2. ꯅ ꯁꯍꯔꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯊꯨꯡꯅ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯋꯦꯔꯦꯖ ꯏꯟꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯍꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯃꯒꯨꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯔꯝꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫

ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯍꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ, ꯁꯍꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ (ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯕꯤ.), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯍꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯤꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯋꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯑꯃ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯍꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫

• ꯐꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯒꯤꯞ: ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯄꯟꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ꯂꯥꯈ 1.6) ꯑꯁꯤ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯦꯗ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ (ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ꯂꯥꯈ 3.2) ꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ 50 ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ & ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ (ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯗ. ꯑꯦꯝ.) ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯦ ꯫
• ꯐꯟꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕ: ꯊꯕꯛ ꯐꯪꯗꯕ ꯂꯝꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯐꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯦꯟꯗ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗ ꯏꯟꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 2047 ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯨꯏꯅ ꯆꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫
• ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ: ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ, ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝ, ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯒ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ; ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯐ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯠꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
• ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
• انفراꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯟꯕ: ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ/ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ 0.40 (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯗꯤ. 1,652ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯗꯤ. 6) ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯣꯏꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ; ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯀꯟꯅ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ, ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯟꯗꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯅꯦꯕꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ: ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯔꯤꯌꯨꯖꯦꯟꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡ (ꯆꯥꯗ 22 ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ) ꯇꯞꯅ-ꯇꯞꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤ; ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ-ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯐꯔ ꯃꯦꯅꯖꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯔꯕꯟ ꯑꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯤꯐꯔ ꯔꯤꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯖꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯗꯕꯂ ꯭ ꯌꯨ.): ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯗꯕꯂ ꯭ ꯌꯨ. ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕꯗ (2011ꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯥꯗ 50) ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ; ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯍꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯗꯕꯂ ꯭ ꯌꯨ. ꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯥꯔꯠ ꯃꯤꯇꯔꯤꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠꯁ ꯐꯣꯡꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
• ꯋꯥꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯔꯤꯌꯨꯖ: ꯁ ꯭ ꯋꯦꯖ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯗꯤ. 48,004) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯗꯤ. 30,001, ꯆꯥꯗ 56 ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ; ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ 11 ꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕ, ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯅꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ अर्बान ꯋꯥꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯔꯤꯌꯨꯖ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯅ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ