ꯊꯤꯌꯨ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ-ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ 3,128 ꯫ ꯍꯦꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯉꯥꯛꯄꯤ ꯫
1321 "ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ" ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯘꯥꯠꯀꯣꯄꯔ ꯏꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯇ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯁ ꯭ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯔ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯔꯤꯗꯦꯕꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯖꯦꯟꯗꯝ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ
ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄꯜ ꯁꯤ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯗ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯁꯤ. ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯁꯇꯔ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯤꯝ 33 (9) ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
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ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ
ꯍꯥꯎꯖ ꯈꯥꯁꯀꯤ बाउꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯅ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ₹ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯂꯥꯈꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯔꯤꯖꯔ ꯭ ꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ (ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ.) ꯅ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯁ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯎꯖ ꯈꯥꯁ, ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ.
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ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ
ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤ
ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯎꯃꯪꯒꯤ ꯂꯝ ꯃꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ 15ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯈꯨꯡꯒꯪꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯟꯆꯥꯌꯇꯤ ꯔꯥꯖꯀꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯂꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯗ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
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ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨ & ꯑꯦ
ꯁꯁꯥꯔꯝ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡ: ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯨꯜ 1,083 ꯂꯤꯁꯠ ꯇꯧꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ, ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯛꯆꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ
سوال ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯁꯁꯥꯔꯝ ꯂꯣꯛ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯨꯜꯗ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ, ꯏꯟफ्रास्ट्रꯛꯆꯔ ꯐꯪꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯫
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ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ
ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤ
ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯔꯦꯚ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯟꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯜꯋꯦꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ 65ꯗꯤ ꯁꯕꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯈꯪꯂꯦ
ꯔꯦꯜꯋꯦꯒꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯔꯦꯜꯋꯦꯒꯤ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯔꯦꯚ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯗꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯁꯤ.) ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
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ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ
ꯅꯇꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯋꯦꯖ ꯏꯟꯐ ꯭ ꯔꯥ ꯗꯦꯕ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯁ
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯅ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯩꯆ.-208 ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯦ. ꯄꯤ. ꯕꯤꯗ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ 2026 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯈꯤ
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯅ ꯖꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯣ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯂꯣꯟ. ꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯗꯨꯅ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯄꯨꯔꯥꯗ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯩꯆ.-208 ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯔꯤꯁꯦꯇꯦꯜꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯟ (ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯦ. ꯄꯤ.) ꯑꯃ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ/ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯣ. ꯁꯤꯡ. ꯊꯤꯔꯤ ꯫
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NCERT
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯏ-ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ 5,000 ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ₹ 20,000 ꯄꯔꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ. ꯅ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯣꯕꯤन्दो ꯃꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯒꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕ ꯗꯨꯀꯥꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯕꯤꯗ ꯀꯧꯔꯤ ꯫
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ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯐꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ 100ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯏ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯪ 1927ꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛ ꯭ ꯇꯇ ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯨꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ...
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ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ
ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤ
ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ 90ꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯒꯦꯁꯇꯒꯤ, ꯆꯥꯗ 26ꯗꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ ꯫
ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯅ ꯍꯥꯔ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯄꯠꯅꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯍ ꯍꯣꯝꯁ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯔ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯕꯤꯜꯠ-ꯑꯞ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1>
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯤꯍꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯠꯅꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ'ꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯍ ꯍꯣꯝꯁ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ "ꯀꯧꯕ ꯂꯩꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
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NCERT
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯗꯨꯀꯥꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ: ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗꯤ. ꯂꯨꯄꯥ 5,000, ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯔꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ 20,000
ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ.) ꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯣꯕꯤꯟꯗꯣꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕ ꯗꯨꯀꯥꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯕꯤꯗ ꯀꯧꯔꯤ ꯫
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ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯁꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯨꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ
ꯁꯨꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ: ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯄꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 156 (3) ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯀꯁꯟ 197 ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ ꯫
ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯅꯥꯇꯀꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯀꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ अप्पीꯂꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯨꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯌꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ अप्पीꯜ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯕꯤꯍꯥꯔ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯖꯗ ꯔꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯈꯤ ꯗꯦꯕꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ (ꯏ. ꯁꯤ.) ꯄꯤ ꯫
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯏꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯋꯨꯗ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠꯅ ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 200ꯗꯒꯤ 192ꯗ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯟꯖꯥꯕꯀꯤ ꯂꯨꯙꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯂꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯂꯛꯄꯨꯔ ꯈꯨꯡꯒꯪꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯁꯠꯋꯨꯗ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 200 ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
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ꯆꯤꯛꯀꯥꯕꯜꯂꯥꯄꯨꯔꯅ ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯁ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯤꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ 401 ꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫
سوال ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯂꯌꯗ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯏ. ꯄꯤ. 2020ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯀꯥꯔꯗ, ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯁ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯗ) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯫
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ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 14ꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯫
ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ
ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯅ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯣ. ꯒꯤ ꯐ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ₹ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ
ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ (ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ.) ꯅ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯕꯤꯜꯗ ꯭ ꯜꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯦꯅꯦꯛꯁ ꯕꯤꯜꯗ ꯭ ꯡꯒꯤ 3ꯁꯨꯕ ꯐ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯣ. ꯐ ꯭ ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯆꯦ ꯄꯤꯔꯛꯂꯤ ꯫
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NCERT
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ. ꯅ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕ ꯗꯨꯀꯥꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏ-ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ
ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ.) ꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯔꯤ.
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯕꯤꯍꯥꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯔ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ 57, <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯃꯒꯙ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯤꯍꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯠꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯂꯥꯗ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯖꯗ ꯃꯒꯙ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯅꯤ ꯫
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ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ · ꯄꯔꯤꯚꯦꯁ
ꯑꯣꯃꯥꯛꯁ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯂꯨꯙꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯖꯦꯟꯗꯝ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ
ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ'ꯑꯣꯃꯥꯛꯁ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯂꯨꯙꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ "ꯀꯧꯕ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯇꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯞ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯟꯚꯥꯏꯔꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯌꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯖꯦꯟꯗꯝ (ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ) ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤ ꯫
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ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨ & ꯑꯦ
ꯗꯤꯁꯥ 2. 2 ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 255 ꯆꯪꯉꯤ, ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯫
سوال ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯗꯤꯁꯥ 2ꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ...