ꯊꯤꯌꯨ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ-ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ 3,128 ꯫ ꯍꯦꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯉꯥꯛꯄꯤ ꯫
1321 "ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯁꯟ" ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ
-
ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨ & ꯑꯦ
ꯔꯥꯖꯁꯊꯥꯟꯗ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯗꯤ. ꯄꯤ. 746 ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯟꯈ ꯭ ꯔꯦ, ꯖꯨꯟꯖꯨꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯏम्पॆꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ
ꯔꯥꯖꯁꯊꯥꯟꯗ ꯗꯤꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛꯠ-ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯤꯜ ꯗꯦꯚꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯟ (ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯗꯤ. ꯄꯤ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯤꯜ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯖꯨꯟꯖꯨꯅꯨ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯦꯅꯇꯤꯑꯣꯇꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ...
-
ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯜꯔ & ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯇꯔ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ
ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯖꯤ. ꯅ ꯔꯥꯖꯁꯊꯥꯟꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯕꯁꯤꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 383 ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯗꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯔꯥꯖꯁꯊꯥꯟ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ 30ꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅ-ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯌꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ, ꯁꯥ-ꯁꯟ ꯌꯣꯛꯄ...
-
ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ
ꯇꯔꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯥꯏꯜ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯅ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯁꯦꯠꯑꯞ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ
ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ (ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ.), ꯑꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ, ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ-ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯗ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯋꯦꯜ-ꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ, ꯏꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯇꯦꯁꯇꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯕꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯧꯔꯤ ꯫
-
ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ
ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯜꯔ & ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯇꯔ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ
ꯀꯦ. ꯑꯦ. ꯖꯤ. ꯅ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯦꯔꯂꯥꯗ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯏ. ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯒꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1>% ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯫
ꯀꯦ. ꯑꯦ. ꯖꯤ. ꯅ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯔꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯦꯔꯂꯥ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯠꯃꯥ ꯒꯥꯟꯙꯤ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯨꯔꯜ ꯑꯦꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯏ. ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦ.) ꯑꯁꯤ...
-
NCERT
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ. ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯠ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ: ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ 10,000, ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏ-ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ, ꯆꯦ
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ. (ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤ) ꯅ ꯄꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯗꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. (ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯖꯟ) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯦꯄꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯌꯥꯅꯆꯦ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ ꯫
-
ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ
ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯖꯦꯄꯨꯔꯅ ꯗꯤꯁꯄꯦꯟꯁꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯛ ꯔꯤꯅꯣꯚꯦꯁꯟꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ₹ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯂꯥꯈ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ
ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ (ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ.) ꯖꯌꯄꯨꯔꯅ ꯖꯌꯄꯨꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯒꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯥꯐ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯗ ꯗꯤꯁꯄꯦꯟꯁꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯠ ꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯔꯤꯅꯣꯚꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯆꯦ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ...
-
ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ
ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯏꯖꯔ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯠ ꯒꯨꯞꯇꯥꯗ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯔꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯏꯖꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯗ ꯂꯥꯟꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯁ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯃꯣꯍꯤꯠ ꯒꯨꯞꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯏꯟꯀꯝ-ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯕꯤꯜ 2025ꯅ ꯑꯒꯅꯤꯄꯊ ꯁ ꯭ ꯀꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯗꯣꯅꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯏꯟꯀꯝ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯝꯒꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ, ꯂꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯒꯨꯝꯕ) ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫
-
ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ
ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦ. ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ: ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯈ 7 ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗꯤ., ꯖꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯕꯤꯗ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯎ
ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ (ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦ.) ꯅ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯅ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯥꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ (ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦ.) ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯚꯥꯏꯗꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ...
-
ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯜꯔ & ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯇꯔ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ
ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯖꯤ. ꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜꯇꯤ ꯊꯤꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯄꯕ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯔꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ (ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯁꯤꯡ.) ꯅ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯚꯤꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯈꯣꯝꯒꯠꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫
-
ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯟꯠ
ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁꯃꯤꯔ ꯕꯤꯜꯅ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 2> ꯀꯔꯣꯔ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯖꯝꯃꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁꯃꯤꯔꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯟꯗꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯑꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫
-
ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ
ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯅ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 2> ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯣꯟꯀꯔꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯇꯔꯗ ₹ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯂꯥꯈ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ
ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ, ꯚꯣꯄꯥꯜꯅ 2026ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ 1ꯗꯒꯤ 2027ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ 30 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯣꯟꯀꯔꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯍꯥꯞꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯔꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ...
-
ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ
ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯚꯨꯗꯥꯁ ꯂꯤꯂꯥꯙꯔꯕꯨ ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏꯟꯇ ꯐꯟꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯀꯔꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯣꯛ ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯀꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯚꯨꯗꯥꯁ ꯂꯤꯂꯥꯙꯔ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯏꯟꯇꯀ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ...
-
ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ
ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯚꯨꯗꯥꯁ ꯂꯤꯂꯥꯙꯔ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ
-
ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ
ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯒꯨꯋꯥꯍꯥꯇꯤꯅ धूꯂꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯗ ₹ <ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯗꯤ. 1> ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ
ꯔꯤꯖꯔ ꯭ ꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ, ꯒꯨꯋꯥꯍꯥꯇꯤꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ धूꯂꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯗꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ, ꯏꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯇꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯔꯦ ꯫
-
NCERT
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯟꯑꯣꯚꯔ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 1 ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯆꯥꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯇꯤ. ꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯏ. ꯒꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ, ꯄꯤ. ꯖꯤ. ꯍꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯜ/ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯤꯠ ꯒꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯠ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯣꯕꯤन्दो ꯃꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯒꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯏ.-ꯀꯦꯟꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯕꯤꯗ ꯀꯧꯔꯤ ꯫
-
ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ
ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯅ ꯀꯦꯕ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯈꯤ, ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯟꯑꯣꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯈꯤ
ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ (ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦ.) ꯅ ꯊꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯦꯗꯥꯟ, ꯍꯦꯆꯕꯦꯛ, ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯦꯗꯥꯟ, ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯌꯨ. ꯚꯤ................................................................................................................................................................................................
-
ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ
ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏटकꯣꯝ ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠꯇ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯣꯔ 1,280ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯕꯦꯠ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯠꯀꯣꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯠ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯂꯝ ꯔꯥꯘꯨꯅꯥꯊ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯇꯣ ꯁꯥꯍꯥ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯕꯤꯅ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
-
ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ
ꯑꯂꯝ ꯔꯥꯘꯨꯅꯥꯊ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯇꯣ ꯁꯥꯍꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯠꯀꯣꯝ ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯨꯞ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ
-
CBSE
ꯁꯤ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯅ ꯁ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯔꯥꯝ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯗ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔ ꯂꯥꯈ 34 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯒꯣꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯖꯀ ꯌꯥꯅꯆꯦ ꯄꯤ ꯫
ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟ (ꯁꯤ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ.) ꯅ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯜꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ ꯭ ꯔꯤ ꯔꯥꯝ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯗ ꯒꯣꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯖ ꯐꯔꯅꯤꯆꯔ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯆꯦ ꯄꯤꯔꯛꯂꯤ ꯫